Knee proprioception after meniscal transplantation.

A prospective study on knee proprioception after meniscal allograft transplantation.
Thijs Y, Witrouv E, Evens B, Coorevits P, Almqwist F, Verdonk R. Scandynavian Journal of Medicine&Science in Sport, 2007; 17, 223 – 229.

Knee menisci act to disperse the weight of the body and to reduce friction between femur and tibia during movement. It also functions as a knee joint stabilizer, mechanical and proprioceptive since three types of mechanoreceptors have been identified in both of menisci horns at the beginning of 90’. Previous research has shown proprioception deterioration in meniscectomised knee as well as in the knee with torn meniscus. Lack of papers had existed on knee joint proprioceptive ability after meniscal transplantation therefore authors prospectively assessed knee joint position sense before and after meniscus replacement.
Fourteen patients had their knee joint position sense tested with Biodex System III Isokinetic Dynamometer preoperatively and at six months follow – up. Additionally, knee disability in daily activities, was assessed with WOMAC scale prior and post-surgery. WOMAC scale did not find any statistically significant differences regarding pain, joint stiffness or physical function. In general, that was in contrast to previous research. Authors believe that follow – up period of six months could be too short to detect any significant effect. Active and passive knee joint position sense significantly improved after meniscus transplantation. According to authors, it might be hypothetically explained with increased number of mechanoreceptors provided with the transplant which resulted in better proprioceptive input. On the other hand, enhanced joint position sense might be due to improvement of knee kinematics and normalization of the tension on the capsular structures effecting after meniscal replacement. Moreover, postoperative rehabilitation could also be the factor contributing to knee joint position sense improvement by stimulating periarticular mechanoreceptors in the capsule, tendons and muscles.
Lack of control group, small sample size and short term follow – up limits the study to some degree. Nevertheless, results prove the importance of the menisci for knee stability and functionality; therefore it seems reasonable for othopaedic surgeons, not to perform meniscectomy if it is not really required. Research with longer follow – ups (1 – 8 years) show improvement in knee function following meniscus transplantation. Meniscus transplantation does not resolve the problem itself, we need to remember about appropriate postoperative treatment, tissue healing process and concomitant lesions. There is a need to conduct further studies on knee proprioception following meniscal replacement and how it will influence joint functionality in longer – term. 
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